The costs of disasters and the negative impacts of climate change are rising globally. Record numbers of extreme weather events, exacerbated by climate change, are already costing the world billions of dollars each year. Other threats, including pandemics, geophysical hazards and cyber risks, are adding to this bill.

Think20 (T20), the official think tank engagement group of the Group of Twenty (G20), was established in 2012 to provide research-based policy recommendations to help G20 countries and partners promote economic resilience and sustainable development.

This publication aims to cover a wide range of issues and opportunities for harnessing greater flows of private capital for climate action. Given the state of the climate emergency, there can no longer be excuses for not utilising every instrument available to facilitate greater financial flows.

This publication aims to cover a wide range of issues and opportunities for harnessing greater flows of private capital for climate action. Given the state of the climate emergency, there can no longer be excuses for not utilising every instrument available to facilitate greater financial flows.

The climate crisis is real, and its threats and consequences are more tangible than ever before. With the transport sector accounting for nearly 12 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, there needs to be a concerted effort to mitigate the impacts of emissions from road and passenger transportation.