Africa is at a tipping point. While efforts to achieve the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Paris Agreement could drive positive changes following nearly a decade of economic growth across Africa, climate change threatens to derail these gains.

All governments in developing countries face the challenge of addressing climate change impacts and identifying the best ways to help their people adapt, with ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) an increasingly popular response.

This report draws out the major trends affecting agriculture, in the NENA region and the general implications for small-scale farmers before delving into an integrated analysis at the farming system level.