This technical note serves as the main reference for the updated Aqueduct™️ 4.0 water risk framework. It details the data and methodology used to create 13 indicators of global water risk. Indicators reflect both current conditions and future projections of water supply, demand, stress, and more.

After improving between 2000 and 2013, hunger levels have significantly worsened in Africa in the years since. While global food insecurity is currently at an all-time high, Africa's record in addressing undernutrition was not impressive even in the pre-pandemic era when growth rates were higher.

With the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals taking centre stage as 2030 nears, it is imperative to look at models to engage the private sector in healthcare delivery.

UNCTAD’s Economic Development in Africa Report 2023 examines the continent’s potential to become a major participant in global supply chains for high-technology sectors like automobiles, mobile telephones, renewable energy and health care.

Twenty-five countries, which house one-quarter of the world's population, are facing extremely high water stress each year, regularly using up almost their entire available water supply. According to this research published by the World Resources Institute, at least 50 per cent of the global population or around four billion people are currently living under highly water-stressed conditions for at least one month of the year.

New data from WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas show that 25 countries — housing one-quarter of the global population — face extremely high water stress each year, regularly using up almost their entire available water supply.

Like many countries, Indonesia is grappling with the need to reduce deforestation and protect the environment, while promoting energy transition and economic development, in response to global demand for more commodities, climate change mitigation and greener economies.

The Coastal Aquaculture Authority (Amendment) Act, 2023, is a landmark legislative step that affects millions of aquaculture farmers and stakeholders in India. Enacted on August 14, 2023, the amendment brings sweeping changes to the existing Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act of 2005.

The Indonesia Net Zero Emission (NZE) Roadmap for the energy sector, launched by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) in September 2022, has laid out the plan to eliminate coal-fired power as a national energy source by 2030 and achieve 87% renewable energy mix by 2060.

This policy brief highlights five significant transboundary climate risks in Africa that urgently need consideration for management. Transboundary climate risks have the potential to set back economic development gains, jeopardise trade and food security and impact infrastructure investments in Africa.