By 2050, water stress, sea-level rise and crop failure from climate change may displace 31–72 million people across sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. Distress migration generates grave socioeconomic consequences — both for migrants and the families they leave behind.

Effective climate budgeting requires meaningful participation and systematic public engagement.

Water access is the cornerstone of livelihoods for most rural communities in Tanzania. Yet limited capacity for effective planning, management and governance of water sources is deepening vulnerability to the increasing and often unpredictable impacts of climate change.

There are several aspects of climate-induced short-term or circular migration, especially in combination with other socio-economic factors, that are not fully understood. Without reliable data on the pattern of circular migration, policymakers can not recognise or address migrants’ needs, issues and vulnerabilities.

Africa is severely impacted by the triple crisis of debt, climate change and nature loss. The continent’s debt now stands at more than 70% of GDP. There is potential to address these crises through ‘general purpose’ debt financing linked to climate and nature key performance indicators (KPIs).

This report discusses how climate change and climate-induced migration heightens existing vulnerabilities of slavery. Drivers of vulnerability to modern slavery are complex and impacted by many layers of risk.

In Uganda, many people illegally hunt, traffic or trade wildlife because other opportunities to earn money are limited. But poaching is also driven by anger and resentment towards increasing conflict between humans and wildlife, and the feeling among communities that parks don’t take their concerns seriously or do enough to support them.

Biodiversity is declining faster than at any other period in human history. Direct drivers of the decline include changes in land and sea use, over-exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution and invasive alien species. These drivers are themselves influenced by demographic, macroeconomic and political factors.

Addressing the challenges of changing climate is both a sprint and a marathon — it demands a two-pronged approach of urgent short-term actions combined with innovative planning to manage future risk.

The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will be a major milestone in global agreements on biodiversity conservation, setting international ambition for the next decade.