Since February 2022, geopolitical events have made clear Europe’s need to diversify its energy sources and avoid excessive dependence on fossil fuel imports. The drop in Russian natural gas flows to Europe in 2022 marked the single largest supply shock in the history of global gas markets.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, health care facilities face critical challenges in water supply, sanitation, and hygiene services; health care waste management; and environmental cleanliness.

Traditionally, mini grids have been viewed as “off-grid” systems that are built and operated solely for communities without electricity.

This report provides an account of the evolution of poverty and living conditions in the decade 2012- 2022. It finds that at the national level monetary poverty essentially stagnated while urban poverty, admittedly a much smaller in absolute and relative terms, dramatically increased.

The 2023 state of the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector focuses on the intersection of ASM and sustainable development goal 5 (SDG 5) - achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. It applies the SDG 5 framework for the first time to systematically report on gender inequalities in ASM.

This report aims to raise awareness of the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of fresh water and the reuse of water produced in oil and gas operations, with the view to support evidence-based policy making and regulation.

In Uganda, conditions in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) remain the primary drivers of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 60 percent of years of life lost.

This paper offers an updated and comprehensive review of recent studies on the impact of climate change, particularly global warming, on poverty and inequality, paying special attention to data sources as well as empirical methods.

On current trends, the future of global poverty reduction will be determined by Sub-Saharan Africa.

Air pollution is a major threat to health, and the dangers are particularly acute in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about how the burden of pollution is spread across the wealth distribution in these countries.

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