Climate change will affect the health of urban populations. It represents a range of environmental hazards and will affect populations where the current burden of climate-sensitive disease is high

Urbanization is occurring at an unprecedented rate, particularly in developing countries, with high migration of population from rural to urban areas. As a consequence of urbanization and associated environmental impacts, the issue of providing water to growing urban population is becoming critical. Water management in the context of urban area has two components i.e.

During disaster, management of essential services is a daunting task. Water supply systems (WSS) are susceptible to natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and famine and also face threat from man-made disasters. Since water is the basic need of living being, restoring it is a major challenge to water engineers in such a scenarios.

For sustaining of a WSS over its design period, operation and maintenance cost should be fully recovered from the users. Therefore, willingness to pay and affordability survey of households in small and medium towns is a prerequisite for selection of proper scheme, its implementation and financial sustainability.

In this paper, the economic impact of having a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for medium sized towns (Sivas and Fethiye) in Turkey with the objective of environmental pollution prevention is assessed by taking investment and operation costs, required tariff levels, affordability and willingness to pay of the users into account.