Fundamental to the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon is the land-sea thermal gradient from the Indian Ocean to the Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau (HTP). The timing of the onset is strongly controlled by the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient due to the rapid pre-monsoon heating of the HTP compared to the relatively cooler Indian Ocean.
The objective of this programme is monitoring and surveillance of all drinking water sources in the country by the community, decentralization of water quality monitoring and surveillance of all rural drinking water sources in the country, institutionalization of community participation and involvement of PRIs for water quality monitoring and surveillance, generation of awareness among the rural m
