The report discusses the climate condition over Indian region during the year 2023. Notably, global temperatures soared to exceptionally high levels during this period (WMO.No.1347). The India Meteorological Department continuously monitors weather and climate over Indian region.

This study undertakes a pan-India sub-district level (tehsil-level) assessment of changing monsoon patterns during the southwest monsoon (June to September) and northeast monsoon (October to December).

The annual mean land surface air temperature averaged over India during 2022 was +0.51°C above the long-term average (1981-2010 period). The year 2022 was the fifth warmest year on record since nationwide records commenced in 1901.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Assessment Report 6 (AR6), stated that the recent climate change is “widespread, rapid, intensifying and unprecedented in thousands of years.” It is further noted: “Climate change is already affecting every region on Earth in multiple ways.

Skymet, India's leading weather forecasting and agriculture risk solution company, has released its monsoon forecast for 2023. Skymet expects the upcoming monsoon to be 'below normal' to the tune of 94% (with an error margin of +/-5%) of the long-period average (LPA) of 868.6 mm for the 4-month long period from June to September.

The annual mean land surface air temperature averaged over India during 2021 was +0.44 C above the long-term average (1981-2010 period). The year 2021 was the fifth warmest year on record since nationwide records commenced in 1901.

The annual mean land surface air temperature averaged over India during 2020 was above normal. During the year, annual mean land surface air temperature averaged over the country was +0.290C above normal (based on the data of 1981-2010). The year 2020 was the eighth warmest year on record since nation-wide records commenced in 1901.

The annual mean land surface air temperature averaged over India during 2020 was above normal. During the year, annual mean land surface air temperature averaged over the country was +0.290C above (1981-2010 period) average. The year 2020 was the eighth warmest year on record since nation-wide records commenced in 1901.

Flash droughts intensify rapidly after onset and cause short-term but devastating impacts on agriculture and the ecosystem. However, the drivers and characteristics of flash droughts in India have not been examined. The research show that flash droughts predominantly occur during the monsoon (June to September) in India.