The Sulabh toilets are located in five of the most congested areas of Kabul. They are an important contribution to Kabul's non-existent sanitary facilities.

Tannery waste disposal problem leads to environmental disharmony, which makes it one of the major industrial pollution facing the country. The tannery industries, release a lot of wastes in the form of liquid (effluent) and solid (sludge). Biological sludge is one of the wastes, which has been utilized for recycling in this research work.

Koyilandi municipality, 30 km from Kozhikode, Kerala is grabbing attention as a model of excellence in civic services in a state bogged down by inefficiency, lack of direction and corruption. Koyilandi was the first town in Kerala to take the plastic-free campaign seriously with a padayatra by Municipality Chairman K Dasan himself three years ago.

This study was undertaken to find out the biogas production potential of flower waste coming out from temples. Laboratory scale digesters of 1.5 L capacity were used and fed with flower waste without and with pretreatment.

The demand for petroleum products in India has been increasing at a faster rate than the increase in domestic availability, resulting in increased imports. The transport sector is the single largest consumer of petroleum products. Secondly, about 65 % of total air pollution is caused by the emissions of pollutants from the vehicles run on petroleum products. In the wake of this, there is urgent need to introduce alternate fuels as substitutes for diesel and petrol in the transport sector. Biogas, a clean and renewable fuel, has vast potential in India.

In India, primarily cattle dung is being used as an organic substrate for the production of biogas, however, majority of biogas digesters are underfed. Thus making it essential to evaluate other available organic sources for biomethanation. Various other animal wastes like poultry droppings, sheep droppings, rabbit droppings etc have been evaluated for biomethanation. Beside this, plant and crop residues have also been subjected to the process of anaerobic digestion under different conditions.