Few studies have investigated maternal exposures during pregnancy to pesticides currently in use. Castorina et al. measured metabolites of current-use pesticides and other precursor compounds in urine samples collected twice during pregnancy from 538 California women enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort.

A field study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, practice and use of pesticides among thirty commercial vegetable growers of Dhading district of Nepal. More than four in five were using pesticides and more than one third were using it for more than six years. Nearly half of them spray pesticides five to six times. More than one-sixth pesticides used were extremely hazardous, which were barred for general agriculture use. Waiting period is less than four days for nearly two-third growers.

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, tripled over the last 30 years in the United States. The reasons for this increase are not clear, although sun sensitivity and ultraviolet radiation are known risk factors.

Farmworkers can be exposed to a wide variety of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides. Routine screening for cholinesterase inhibition is not required in many states in the United States, or may be required for workers that apply or handle pesticides, but not those doing routine work in the fields.