Over the last decade, social safety nets (SSNs) have rapidly expanded in Africa, becoming a core strategy for addressing poverty, responding to shocks, increasing productivity and investing in human capital.

India is undergoing a major energy transition. However, constraints on access to capital — both in terms of adequacy and affordability — are impeding the pace and efficiency of this transition.

This paper provides an overview of a research project that assessed the long-term impact of three antipoverty interventions in Bangladesh—the introduction of new agricultural technologies, educational transfers, and microfinance—on monetary and nonmonetary measures of well-being.

This paper investigates the long