This study aims to understand how climate-related risks and hazards are reshaping traditional avenues of job entry and employment, particularly for young people in Pakistan.

This paper delves into the evolving landscape of climate finance for social protection. It gives an overview of current social protection spending, financing and coverage gaps across the world, and explores how climate finance can strengthen social protection systems, build resilience and improve socio-economic outcomes.

This brief gives an overview of different country case studies where social protection (SP) systems have been used to address risks arising from climate-related hazards in urban spaces. It also explores how the existing SP systems in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Ethiopia could be modified, given adequate resources, to become shock responsive.

This study of humanitarian preparedness measures focuses on the 2015–2016 El Niño event in five countries: Zambia, Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi. Chapters 2–6 of this study detail country-level measures to prepare for potential El Niño related impacts.