There is an urgent need to simultaneously fulfil the targets of the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. Various synergies exist between these agendas, and many energy transition policies focus on these co-benefits. There are, however, also difficult trade-offs that need to be managed to maximise the opportunities of transition.

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an evolving concept at the centre of global food security, climate action, and disaster risk reduction. The G20 leaders have resolved to adopt a climate-smart pathway for food and nutrition security through several declarations.

Air pollution, a critical global environmental problem, severely threatens human health and well-being. To address this crisis, global stocktaking and transparency is crucial. Measurement, reporting, and verification of emissions are vital, necessitating tools like low-cost sensors and satellite systems.

Financial and economic concerns are paramount for the international banking industry to continue supporting and investing in the global renewable energy supply system.

This policy brief analyses how blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) can aid drinking water supply management.

Dialogues on climate issues, including the various multilateral agreements, have largely been driven by traditional state-to-state diplomacy.

The impacts of climate change could displace up to 250 million people by 2050, exacerbating poverty and inequality, and derailing the achievement of SDGs by several decades. The impacts of climate change on countries of the Global South are disproportionate.

The G20 has emphasised the need to ensure an energy transition that is just, inclusive, and sustainable. The grouping adopted an energy transition strategy, the 'Decade of Actions: Bali Energy Transition Roadmap', during the Indonesian presidency in 2022.

More than half of the world’s malnutrition disease burden is borne by the G20 countries. This includes malnutrition related to undernutrition, obesity, and noncommunicable diseases. This policy brief recommends the G20 countries affirm a target of reducing the malnutrition burden by 50 percent by 2030.

Infrastructure is at the heart of the G20's efforts to strengthen the structural foundations of global development, make it more sustainable, and mitigate its negative effects.