The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the anaerobic digestion and composting process for disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) on economical aspects. Economic evaluation includes 3 major costs: (i) capital cost, (ii) operation and maintenance cost and (iii) reinvestment cost.

The present paper deals with the characterization of solid waste. During the study period Chitrakoot Nagar Panchayat, the MSW composition was found as polythene (10.12%), plastic (4.78%), rubber (3.70%), metals (2.84%), glass (4.08%), wood (5.55%), cotton and cloths (4.29%), paper and cardboards (7.77%), vegetable wastes (11.66%), soil and constructional wastes (29.87%), garden waste (9.73%), rags (2.29%) and ash (3.32%).

The Jatropha plant has pantropic distribution and survives under arid conditions. The seed yields 30% oil known as hell oil, pinheon oil, oleum infernale or oleum ricini majoris, which contains small amounts of an irritant curcanoleic acid, which is related to ricinoleic acid, the principle active ingredients of castor oil and croton oil respectively.

Ruhi Kandhari travels to a cold desert in Himachal Pradesh to see how a former bureaucrat is greening it.

Agriculture sector contributes a major portion in gross production of India. In spite of this, agriculture today is finding itself in increasing difficulties. The adverse impact of agriculture based on synthetic fertilizers and herbicides is visible in the degradation of soil fertility, quality of food, taste of food and so on.

Due to increasing environmental concerns in the wastewater treatment sector, the environmental impacts of organic waste disposal procedures require careful evaluation. However, the impacts related to the return of organic matter to agricultural soils are difficult to assess.

Agriculture in what is now Mexico City can be traced back to the great city of Tenochtitl