Building resilience to increasingly intense climate change impacts requires effective, urgent adaptation action at the local level. While much progress has been made within the international and national arenas, efforts to successfully implement adaptation at the subnational level remains uneven.

Some of the greatest challenges for Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) practice relate to the connected themes agriculture, food security, and rural livelihoods. Asia is home to 87% of the world’s 500 million smallholder farms (Thapa and Ghaiha 2011), for whom the risks posed by climate change are significant and urgent.

This report represents a synthesis and summary of frameworks for the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of climate change adaptation and resilience (CCAR) interventions, with a specific focus on international development projects and programmes.

This report represents a synthesis and summary of frameworks for the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of climate change adaptation (CCA) interventions, with a specific focus on international development projects and programs.