Autophagy has been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, there is a growing scientific need to accurately identify, quantify, and manipulate the process of autophagy in cells. However, as autophagy involves dynamic and complicated processes, it is often analyzed incorrectly. In this Primer, we discuss methods to monitor autophagy and to modulate autophagic activity, with a primary focus on mammalian macroautophagy.
This note discusses the wildlife casualties due to vehicular traffic in Sriharikota Island from observations carried out from January 2002 to December 2003.
Thanks to global warming and ecological degradation, the sixth mass extinction is already on the way, equal to the "big five" that occurred over the past 450 million years, the last of which killed off dinosaurs, warn scientists. Yet, estimates of how dire the current loss of species is have been hampered by the inability to compare species diversity today with the past.
Mass strandings of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) have been reported in the scientific liter-ature since 1874. Several recent mass strandings of beaked whales have been reported to coincide with naval active sonar exercises. To obtain the broad-est assessment of surface ship naval active sonar operations coinciding with beaked whale mass strandings, a list of global naval training and anti-submarine warfare exercises was compiled from openly available sources and compared by location and time with historic stranding records.
The fishers of the Indonesian island village of Lamalera have an age-old tradition of whaling that mixes social, cultural and economic practices to sustain livelihoods.
There is sufficient scientific evidence of rising stress on the marine mammals from climate change.
Half a century after Pacific walruses began recovering from industrial-scale hunting, marine biologists are growing worried that they face a mounting threat from global warming.
Almost all animals face similar basic ecological problems such as a suitable place to live in, appropriate foods to consume, escape from enemies and producing offspring etc. Some areas are good for feeding and some for breeding. Sometimes these areas are widely separated places.
More than 350 new species, including a flying frog and the world's smallest deer species, have been discovered in the Eastern Himalayas in the last decade, according to the WWF.
The eastern Himalayas, the region which spans Bhutan and Northeast India, north Burma, Nepal and southern parts of Tibet Autonomous Region in China, faces an alarming threat from climate change.
