Farming is an important livelihood and significant contributor to employment and food security in rural parts of the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. But climate change is increasingly shaping the viability of rural livelihoods in NENA countries.

The brief by IRENA, highlights North Africa’s large renewable energy potential and explores its current policy environment to support the energy transition and the deployment of renewable energy in the coming years.

The Ethiopian economy relies predominantly on rainfed agriculture for income generation, export earnings, and rural livelihoods. However, the frequency and intensity of extreme ago-climatic events projected by climate scenarios suggest considerable and growing risks from climate change to the country’s agri-food systems and the overall economy.

The energy transition will require a major scale-up in the deployment of renewable energy with both public and private finance playing critical roles.

In many low- and middle-income countries, sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment systems has potential environmental and health hazards.

Rapid deployment of low-emission fuels during this decade will be crucial to accelerate the decarbonisation of the transport sector. Significant electrification opportunities are available for the road transport sector, while the aviation and marine sectors continue to be more reliant on fuel-based solutions for their decarbonisation.

Actions by governments in the Group of Seven (G7) can play a vital role in advancing inclusive, secure and sustainable energy transitions worldwide and addressing the climate crisis.

Unless developing Asia decarbonizes its development, global warming is unlikely to stay below the internationally agreed limit of 2°C above preindustrial levels. Integrated assessment modeling offers insights into how a low carbon transition can be achieved.

Reducing black carbon emissions will help in avoiding climate tipping points, building resilience and delivering clean air. This policy brief outlines the latest science on black carbon, examples of cost effective solutions, and recommendations for policymakers, funders and governments.

Mountains are home to a variety of ecosystems that provide vital services directly to 1.1 billion people and billions of others living in connected lowland areas. Half of humanity depends on mountains for the provision of freshwater alone.