Efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not. We aimed to assess protective efficacy up to 5 years in a slum area of Kolkata, India.

Not all patients infected with NDM-1-positive bacteria have a history of hospital admission in India, and extended-spectrum β-lactamases are known to be circulating in the Indian community. We therefore measured the prevalence of the NDM-1 gene in drinking water and seepage samples in New Delhi.

Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to carbapenem
conferred by New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) are potentially a
major global health problem. The researchers investigated the prevalence of NDM-1,
in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and the
UK.

The broad picture of immunisation in Africa is one of excellent progress and enthusiastic energy, with amazing advances having been made since the turn of the century. There has been a large drop in mortality due to measles, and about a third of countries now use a three dose regimen of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis triple vaccine (DTP3), which provides coverage of at least 80% in all districts.

The potential impact of climate change was highlighted at the recent United Nations Climate Change Conference (Dec 3