Lakes are usually an integral part of a drainage basin. Lakes are either fresh water or salt water lakes. Kolleru lake is the largest freshwater lake in South India. Various physical and chemical inputs manifested through the hydrology of the catchment area will affect the quality and quantity of lake water.

Mangrove forests, though essentially common and wide-spread, are highly threatened. Local societies along with their knowledge about the mangrove also are endangered, while they are still underrepresented as scientific research topics. With the present study we document local utilization patterns, and perception of ecosystem change.