In India, mining is one of the main economic activities since time immemorial, giving rise to a long historical tradition of artisanal mining. As modern mining rose during the colonial occupation, artisanal mining activities began to be overlooked and this great tradition became obscure.

Despite being located in the seismically highly vulnerable region, Uttarakhand shows an elaborate tradition of constructing multistoried houses. Both the local dialects of the region (Kumaoni and Garhwali) have unique words for identifying four different floors of a building. This suggests common occurrence of multistoried structures in the region. Rajgarhi area, Uttarkashi District has a large number of intact multistoried

Smriti Kak Ramachandran

The energy-efficient "Metro Bhawan' has been designed by Raj Rewal
Modern Marvel: The Atrium of the new Metro Bhawan in New Delhi.

NEW DELHI: When he envisioned a suitable new office space for the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), noted architect and urban design consultant Raj Rewal wanted the structure to be an amalgamation of dynamism, sustainability and energy efficiency. Almost four years later now, DMRC's new address boasts of all three.

Adverse conditions such as ground contamination, high temperature, humidity, fluctuating temperature and relative humidity can reduce the life span of the structure, says A.R.Santhakumar Determinant: A major factor influencing the service life of concrete structures is the nature of exposure conditions.

The term "Green roof" refers to a roof that is partially or wholly covered with vegetation and soil on top of a waterproofing membrane -Proloy Bagchi

Ashok B Lall, Architect

It may be just a byproduct, but the state government has earned Rs 15 crore out of it. The fly ash from the thermal power plants in the state, once a major air pollutant, has now become a gold mine as construction companies and cement manufacturers compete to take a major chunk of the byproduct. The AP Power Generation Corporation (Genco) has earned Rs 15 crore by selling this fly ash. This is usually used to make bricks or add as a mixture to cement, used for construction or laying roads. More than nine million tonnes of ash was sold this year by Genco.

T-Zed Homes, a housing complex on six acres of Varathur Road in Bangalore has new age apartments built by Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL), Asia's largest green building company.

Rivers in the southwest coast of India are under immense pressure due to various kinds of human activities among which indiscriminate extraction of construction grade sand is the most disastrous one. The situation is rather alarming in the rivers draining the Vembanad lake catchments as the area hosts one of the fast developing urban-cum-industrial centre, the Kochi city, otherwise called the Queen of Arabian Sea. The Vembanad lake catchments are drained by seven rivers whose length varies between 78 and 244 km and catchment area between 847 and 5,398 km2.

San Francisco may soon boast the greenest buildings in the US.

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