Decentralisation has been one of the most prominent public sector reforms endorsed by international institutions. It has been initiated in a large number of developing economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

More than at any time in the history, climate change is having an increasingly unprecedented effect on human lives. Economies are affected severely in terms of sovereign risk due to climate change variations influencing the macroeconomy. Asian countries are highly susceptible to economic downturn due to the consequences of climate change.

In January 2023, out of 36 African currencies reviewed, 29 currencies depreciated against the USD on annual basis, while 7 currencies recorded appreciations (see Table 19). The highest currency depreciation against USD was recorded for the Zimbabwean Dollar at 57.5 percent.

This study combines pre-COVID-19 household surveys with 2020 macro data to simulate changes in household economic welfare and poverty rates through job losses, labor income changes, and non-labor (remittance) income changes during 2020 in Brazil, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, South Africa, and Türkiye.

The world output growth is projected to decelerate from an estimated 3 per cent in 2022 to 1.9 per cent in 2023, marking one of the lowest growth rates in recent decades, according to this report by the United Nations.

Faltering  global employment growth and the pressure on decent working conditions risk undermining social justice, according to this World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023 report by the ILO.

Algeria's economy continued to recover in the first half of 2022, led by a return of oil production to pre-pandemic levels and a continued recovery of the service sector along with a more vigorous agricultural activity.

This paper seeks to fill the gap with regard to the quantification of the impact of climate change on future levels of poverty across different income thresholds and scenarios.

The Adaptation Economy, which investigates the need for climate adaptation investment in 10 markets – including China, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Failure to invest the bare minimum needed to withstand projected climate damage could cost emerging markets hundreds of billions in climate damages and lost GDP growth this decade.

In spite of progress made to date and the significant long-term ambition announced by many countries, climate policy actions remain insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement objectives.

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