In a world where the demands for secure, affordable and sustainable energy are ever-increasing, global and national energy systems are showing signs of deficiencies and strains everywhere.

The future of the global energy system is deeply uncertain, and the choices that are made in the coming years will have enormous consequences for the future of the climate and, indeed, human civilization.

Electrification of end-uses and the growth of solar and wind is changing how electricity systems operate on all time scales. This report analyses how seasonal variations in both demand and supply affect electricity system operations to 2050 – in Europe, India, Indonesia and Korea – and what sources will be used to manage them.

This report from IRENA's Collaborative Framework on Green Hydrogen assesses progress in green hydrogen deployment. The report gauges the success achieved to date in translating green hydrogen strategies and plans into actions – particularly in the context of green hydrogen supply and demand structures.

Understanding the distributional consequences of progressive fossil fuel subsidy reform is critical to the sustainability of reform efforts as well as progress towards more just and inclusive energy transitions.

A decade on from its launch, the Global Atlas for Renewable Energy continues to represent a unique, free global resource for assessing the renewable potential of countries and regions.

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) account for less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and yet they are home to some of the world’s most climate-vulnerable populations, making action to mitigate global heating urgent. Renewables hold substantial promise for SIDS.

Highlighting the continued progress achieved in the global energy transition, this latest edition of IRENA’s Renewable capacity statistics illustrates the growth of renewables in new installed power generation capacity in 2023. By the end of 2023, renewables accounted for 43% of global installed power capacity.

The Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) is the IEA’s flagship initiative for accelerating progress toward a global net zero energy system. The CETP Annual Report 2023 provides an overview of the programme’s achievements over the past year.

India’s national government has offered strong support for the development of green hydrogen as part of the clean energy transition. However, much of the actual progress in this transition will depend on subnational governments.