With climate change posing alarming threats to communities across India, subnational climate leadership is essential to meet climate and development targets. Many Indian states are spearheading key initiatives to elevate India’s climate ambition to the next level, acting as frontiers for climate action.

Indonesia is home to an estimated 20 percent of the world’s mangroves, the largest extent of mangrove ecosystems in the world. Mangroves provide valuable ecosystem services that contribute to human wellbeing in Indonesia, including coastal protection, climate regulation, fisheries support services, raw materials provision and cultural services.

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata) in the matter of Dakshinganga Matsyajibi Forum  Vs State of West Bengal & Others dated 22/03/2022. It was said that Hotel Sonar Bangla, Sunderban Luxury, has made certain constructions and it is alleged that constructions are still going on in the ecologically rich area of Sunderbans at village Dulki, Gosaba, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. There are approximately ten cottage like structures, a swimming pool falling under the CRZ-III which is a ‘no development zone’ and is 100m from the high tide line (HTL).

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of Larsen & Toubro Limited Vs Sanghi Industries Limited & Others dated 25/02/2022.

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of Robert Drawin Vs State of Gujarat dated 24/01/2022.

Grievance in the application is regarding violation of environmental norms at Ghogha Sea Port, Bhavnagar, Gujarat relating to the beaching of a de-commissioned ship Dona Paula-II (IMO no. 8606446) in connivance with local authorities and Gujarat Pollution Control Board officials. The beaching of the ship is damaging the mangroves of that area and releasing harmful substances into the sea and thereby damaging the biodiversity and fisheries of that area.

It is now clear that a narrow focus on the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) is insufficient to achieve humanity’s aspirations for sustainable prosperity. Wellfunctioning ecosystems and educated populations are requisites for sustainable wellbeing.

Target 6.6 is: “By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.” Indicator 6.6.1 tracks changes over time in water-related ecosystems. Earth observations are used to determine changes to surface water bodies, such as lakes, large rivers, flooded wetlands and reservoirs.

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of Samita Rajendra Patil Vs Jindal Steel Works Ltd. & Others dated 27/05/2021.

Grievance in the application was against violation of environmental norms in running the industrial operations by Jindal Steel Works Limited at village Dolwi, Karawi, Gadab, Khar Karavi, Kharmachela and Jui Bapuji and other surrounding areas, district Raigarh, near Mumbai.

Response to the report of the Joint Committee on behalf of the applicants in the matter of E.A.S. Sarma & Others Vs Union of India & Others dated 13/04/2021. The matter related to illegal dredging and discharge of dredge spoil into the mangroves in violation of CRZ Notification of 2011 and 2018 in Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh.

Status report and action taken report by the Director of Fisheries, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu dated 05/04/2021. The matter related to a news item on the setting up of an ecological park by destroying mangrove forests, Manakudy, Kanniyakumari district, Tamil Nadu.

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