Air pollution presents an increasingly apparent challenge to health and development across the globe. Exposure to PM2.5 is a major health risk and worldwide, an estimated 4.13-5.39 million people died prematurely in 2017 from exposure to PM2.5 pollution. The health impacts of pollution also represent a heavy cost to the economy.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, launched the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), which proposes strategies to reduce air pollution. The NCAP identifies 122 non-attainment Indian cities [cities that violate the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)].

The work summarized in this report fills a knowledge gap by contributing to an improved understanding of the links between competitiveness and pollution. Specifically, it argues that pollution need not be an inevitable consequence of development.

Transboundary pollution in the surrounding provinces of Banten and West Java are major contributors to air pollution in Jakarta City. Air pollutant emissions both in Jakarta and in surrounding provinces have been increasing, worsening Jakarta’s air quality. Even with COVID-19, air quality in the capital city did not significantly improve.

Access to reliable and standardised air quality data is critical for effective action to reduce air pollution.

This report evaluates the possible air quality implications of a wide range actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from emission sectors in the UK as part of the Committee on Climate Change’s Net Zero scenario.

It is evident that as compared to lockdown period, air quality in terms of Air Quality Index has remained ‘Satisfactory’ during modified lockdown period at all the towns except at Jodhpur where it has worsened to ‘Moderate’ Category.