This working paper draws from the joint World Bank and World Meteorological Organization / Global Water Partnership Integrated Drought Management Program (IDMP) work stream on benefits of action and costs of inaction (BACI) for drought preparedness and mitigation.

This study sought to inform climate change policy by analysing agricultural adaptation in developing countries. Country case studies following a common methodology in Bangladesh, Malawi, Nepal, Rwanda and Tanzania, provided fresh evidence of the possible costs of agricultural adaptation to climate change.

This document respond to the need to integrate climate risk-based approaches, which address climate variability and climate change, within water policy frameworks. It aims to provide guidance on how resilience and adaptation can be integrated into national-level policy and programmatic planning in the water sector.

The 19 case studies presented in this report showcase good practice in addressing the challenges of climate change.