The Sundarbans, the mangrove forest delta shared both by India and Bangladesh, is among the worst hit regions of climate change in the world.

With the growing recognition that effective action on climate change will require a combination of emissions reductions and carbon sequestration, protecting, enhancing and restoring natural carbon sinks have become political priorities. Mangrove forests are considered some of the most carbon-dense ecosystems in the world with most of the carbon stored in the soil. In order for mangrove forests to be included in climate mitigation efforts, knowledge of the spatial distribution of mangrove soil carbon stocks are critical.

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Eastern Zone Bench) in the matter of Abdullah Sardar Vs Divisional Forest Officer & Others dated 16/04/2018 regarding illegal bandhs and fisheries detrimental to the existence of Sundarbans.

NGT directs the State of West Bengal to file status report on the removal of illegal bandhs and fisheries as well as on the plantation of the mangroves.

The majority of the five million people that live in the deltaic Indian Sundarbans face continuous uncertainties in relation to their shelter, livelihoods, and health. Climate change is one of the key factors aggravating this situation.

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata) in the matter of Abdulla Sardar Vs Divisional Forest Officer and Others dated 14/12/2017 regarding illegal encroachment and destruction of mangroves in Sundarbans, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. NGT Eastern Bench directs the concerned state departments to examine and take appropriate action for replenishment of mangroves and a report to be filed on the next date of hearing (24/01/2018).

To ensure conservation of the rich biodiversity of the Sundarbans forest along with enhancing the socioeconomic profile of the region, the Government of India (GoI), and the government of West Benga

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata) in the matter of Tribunal On Its Own Motion (Reg. Sunderban Forest) Vs Union of India & Others dated 17/02/2017 regarding construction in the Sundarbans. The affidavit filed on behalf of the State PCB containing the inspection report in respect of the hotels on Sagar Island is ordered to be taken on record.

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata) in the matter of Abdulla Sardar Vs Divisional Forest Officer & Others dated 03/01/2017 regarding illegal fishery bundhs in Budh Khali, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.

NGT said that the putting up of the fishery bundh in the area is absolutely not permissible as it tends to create ecological imbalance apart from environmental degradation and that "in these circumstances and in order to protect the serenity of the Sundarban area we are of the view that the fishery bandh put up illegally should be removed."

The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, located in India and Bangladesh, is recognized as a global priority for biodiversity conservation and is an important provider of ecosystem services such as numerous goods and protection against storm surges. With global mean sea-level rise projected as up to 0.98 m or greater by 2100 relative to the baseline period (1985–2005), the Sundarbans – mean elevation presently approximately 2 m above mean sea-level – is under threat from inundation and subsequent wetland loss; however the magnitude of loss remains unclear.

This report is a review and synthesis of global experiences on ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation (EbA) and to disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR). The report includes key findings from the CBD technical workshop on EbA and Eco-DRR, held in Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa, from 28 September to 2 October

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