This paper considers the needed adaptation and mitigation agenda for cities in India

Climate change will affect the health of urban populations. It represents a range of environmental hazards and will affect populations where the current burden of climate-sensitive disease is high

During disaster, management of essential services is a daunting task. Water supply systems (WSS) are susceptible to natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and famine and also face threat from man-made disasters. Since water is the basic need of living being, restoring it is a major challenge to water engineers in such a scenarios.

The colonial dispensation in north Bihar believed that the rivers of the flood plains needed to be controlled. The zamindar became the pivot around which the implementation of these flood control efforts revolved. Along with the railways and roads, the uncontrolled manner in which many zamindary embankments were built led to a deterioration in the flood situation.

During July 1986, hydrological studies were carried out in consultation with Central Water Commission (CWC) to estimate the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) based on snowmelt flood peak and the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) in the catchment area of the Nathpa dam.

Satluj River is a major river of the Indus system and originates from Mansarovar lake in Tibet. The total catchment area of the Satluj upto Bhakra Dam is about 56875 sq km out of which about 36900 sq km lies in Tibet. The total catchment area upto Nathpa dam site is about 49820 sq km.