Urbanization likely to impact ground water quality and quantity leading to higher uncertainty and difficulties in management of pollution. Results yielding a good indication but the scenario demands continuous surveillance of waste water disposal from unauthorized discharges from small scale industries in Balanagar, Jeedimetla and Sanathnagar industrial development areas into the Kukatpally nala. It impacts very much on the Hussainsagar lake water. The groundwater flow model has computed groundwater balance for the entire catchment area of Hussainsagar.

Groundwater (GW) vulnerability is foundation stone for evaluating the risk of GW contamination and developing management options to preserve the quality of GW. The concept of GW vulnerability is based on the assumption that the physical environment may provide some degree of protection for GW against human activities as well as natural contamination. The main objective of this study is to find out the GW vulnerable zones in Burhner watershed using DRASTIC model in a geographical information system environment.

Groundwater samples (n = 163) were collected across Kashmir Valley in 2010 to assess the hydrogeochemistry of the groundwater in shallow and deep aquifers and its suitability for domestic, agriculture, horticulture, and livestock purposes. The groundwater is generally alkaline in nature. The electrical conductivity (EC) which is an index to represent the total concentration of soluble salts in water was used to measure the salinity hazard to crops as it reflects the TDS in groundwater ranging from 97 to 1385 μS/cm, except one well in Sopore.