Using data from the nationally representative India Residential Energy Consumption Survey (IRES) 2020, this study reflects on the current state of clean cooking energy access in India, the progress made over the past decade, persisting gaps, and emerging trends.

This study intends to help unlock the potential of two solarisation models - solarisation of rural electricity feeders and solarisation of individual grid-connected pumps - to power India’s irrigation needs.

This study assesses the impact of the existing energy efficiency initiatives on household awareness levels, preferences and behaviour concerning efficiency in electricity use.

Over the last decade, the Government of India’s efforts in providing electricity access to the country’s population has been commendable.

Solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) offer significant opportunities to facilitate irrigation access in an environmentally-sustainable manner. In India, with a substantial government support in form of capital subsidies, over 100,000 solar pumps had been installed by December 2016.

In India, only 46 per cent of the cultivated land is irrigated. With more than 19 million agriculture electricity connections, irrigation accounts for more than a fifth of the country’s total power sales.

Worldwide, there is a growing recognition of the role of energy access in the last mile delivery of community services. However, in India, energy access has had a strong household-level focus, while its role as an enabler of better health and education services has not gained enough attention.

India has witnessed a considerable increase in domestic consumption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) over the years and the phenomenal rise in the number of LPG connections in the country is testimony to it. However, only 28.5% of households reported LPG as their primary fuel for cooking, during Census 2010-11.

Power from solar energy contributed only 0.41% of overall power demand in India in 2013-14. A cumulative installed capacity (CIC) of 100 GW of solar power by 2021-22 would help scale up India’s solar capacity to 9% of total power demand.