As Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) design a post-2020 climate agreement and establish their national contributions within it, the question of progress toward existing climate finance targets has become a sticking point.

International efforts to tackle climate change are at a critical juncture. At the end of 2015 governments will gather at the Paris climate summit to frame a new international agreement aimed at preventing ‘dangerous climate change’. Achieving that goal requires a high level of ambition backed by practical policy commitments.

Adapting to and mitigating climate change will affect most sectors of economies. Addressing this problem will require us to rethink future investment trajectories across the board. Many government agencies and institutions are involved, as well as businesses, civil society, local institutions and communities.

This paper seeks to ground the debate on climate finance in an objective analysis of ongoing efforts to finance mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. The authors step back from the question of

This working paper summarizes key innovations and challenges of the Clean Technology Fund. It analyzes the investment plans that the Fund has endorsed to date, and makes the case for greater emphasis on institutional capacity and governance in program design.

The electricity sector lies at the nexus of two urgent global imperatives: powering economic activities and livelihoods and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the use of fossil fuels. The international community is looking to multilateral development banks (MDBs) to help developing countries balance these sometimes conflicting imperatives.