Under natural resource ecosystems shared across communities and nations, the distribution among stakeholders of risks and vulnerability to climate change is likely to be uneven on account of the nature of their stakes in the ecosystems, the degree of their dependence and the extent of degradation of the natural resources.

This report shares research-based lessons about the catalysation, practice and outcomes of an adaptive collaborative approach to community forestry in Nepal. It focuses on the community forest user group (CFUG) and meso levels, that is, the multistakeholder interface at the subdistrict and district levels.

Adaptation is necessary for reducing the impacts of climate change on forests and societies. So far, forests, forest

This report provides some overviews on the roles of climate scenarios in adaptation planning and what should
be considered in using and generating climate scenarios, in a frequently ask questions style.

Forest certification is a market-based instrument that aims to encourage sustainable forest management for the multiple values of the forest beyond timber, to include non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and services, social and cultural values and future options.

The annual report describes the third year activities of the

Southeast Asia witnesses high rates of deforestation and forest degradation. Large-scale deforestation for agriculture
(notably oil palm) is driven by international market demand. Small-scale deforestation is partly driven by: market

This paper reviews main approaches to estimate the costs of REDD, with a focus on the opportunity costs. These can be classified into local-empirical, global-empirical and global simulation models. In local-empirical models, per-area opportunity cost estimates are derived from detailed studies (surveys) and carbon density estimates

REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation) is based on a simple idea: pay developing countries
to reduce CO2 emissions from the forest sector. Nevertheless,
design and implementation of a REDD system raise many hard
questions: How are emissions reductions monitored, reported
and verified? How should REDD be financed? Should payments

Developing community-based forest enterprises (CBFEs) is an ideal development intervention in poor forest communities as they have the potential to generate income and employment for the poor while supporting sustainable management of forest resources. This potential is limited by various constraints, many of which are unique to forest-based enterprises.