Landfilling is one of the most common methods for disposal of municipal solid waste. Government regulations for pollution control and public opposition due to unacceptable conditions makes it extremely difficult for planner to find a new landfill site. Geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can be applied successfully in such situations considering various technical, environmental, economic, regulative, and social factors.

Albedo modification (AM) is sometimes characterized as a potential means of avoiding climate threshold responses, including large-scale ice sheet mass loss. Previous work has investigated the effects of AM on total sea-level rise over the present century, as well as AM's ability to reduce long-term (Gt103 yr) contributions to sea-level rise from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). These studies have broken new ground, but neglect important feedbacks in the GIS system, or are silent on AM's effectiveness over the short time scales that may be most relevant for decision-making (<103 yr).

The Mandakini Valley of Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand witnessed unprecedented damage to life, property, infrastructure and landscape on 16 and 17 June 2013 due to torrential rains. Run-off discharge data indicate that antecedent rainfall exceeded the limit and the overflow of rivers led to landslide in the region and flash floods in the downstream areas. Fragile geology of the area, close to Main Central Thrust (MCT), degradation processes and torrential rains are responsible for triggering landslides and

During and shortly after a disaster data about the hazard and its consequences are scarce and not readily available. This research proposes a methodology that leverages social media content to support rapid inundation mapping, including inundation extent and water depth in case of floods. The use case in the city of Dresden for the June 2013 flood shows that social media may help to bridge the information gap when traditional data sources are lacking or are sparse.