Pteidophytes do not form dominant vegetation anywhere on the earth surface now, but have been replaced by the seed bearing plants. Their occurrence in several small patches relays the message of richness. During the present study, 24 species of Pteridophytes were reinventoried from Vilavancode, Kalkulam and Thovalai sacred groves of Kanyakumari district, Southern Western Ghats.

Investigations were carried out in 26 sacred groves of the district of Bankura of West Bengal during 2006 to 2007. 114 plant species were recorded from those groves including 102 dicots and 12 monocots. The major tribal groups in those areas are Santals and Koramudis; others are Bedias and Mahalis. Main festival of Santals is 'Sarul' under the canopy of Shorea robusta.

Field studies on floristic composition and ethnobotanical practices of the sacred groves of in and around Pallapatty village, Madurai district of Tamil Nadu were undertaken. A total of 133 plant species belonging to 113 genera distributed among 51 families were recorded. The mode of mythical and therapeutic uses and conservation practices of these plants by the local people has been discussed.

Supporters of small-scale farming claim that it provides livelihoods, and it can also conserve agrodiversity. In an attempt to show this, an international network of scientists joined hands with farmer communities to document

During the present study, a total number of 201 sacred groves were enumerated in Kanyakumari District and reported 329 plant species belonging to 251 genera under 110 families. Among the 329 species, 12 species of shrubs, herbs and climbers are listed as rare, endemic and threatened.

The socio-religious practices prevalent among Gond, Murias, Halba and Maria tribes of Bastar region of Chhattisgarh state are helpful in conservation of plants. This practice of nature conservation is a very ancient tradition and indigenous culture in Bastar as well as in other parts of the country.

This paper outlines certain ideas of forest conservation and sustainable management ingrained in pre-historic India. Apparently, both productive as well as protective aspects of forest vegetation were emphasized during the Vedic period (` 4500 and 1800 BC; c.