This review presents tropospheric ozone (O3), an air pollutant affecting agriculture by reducing crop yield and deteriorating quality of produce. O3 enters leaves through stomata and diffuses within the apoplast, producing many oxidizing compounds and affecting various physiological and biochemical processes, crop growth and yield. O3 affects above and below ground carbon allocation and its dynamics, N cycling, microbial content and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from soil.

Before the launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010, not much attention was paid to solar radiation assessment in India. The country had 45 meteorological stations managed by the Indian Meteorological Department to operate as weather observatories, which were not equipped to collect data on direct normal irradiance (DNI), a measure of solar radiation received per unit area, along with weather parameters at various locations.

More than twenty years ago, a biological regulation of climate was proposed whereby emissions of dimethyl sulphide
from oceanic phytoplankton resulted in the formation of aerosol particles that acted as cloud condensation nuclei in the
marine boundary layer. In this hypothesis—referred to as CLAW—the increase in cloud condensation nuclei led to an
increase in cloud albedo with the resulting changes in temperature and radiation initiating a climate feedback altering

Phil Macnaghten and Richard Owen describe the first attempt to govern a climate-engineering research project.