Carbon markets have emerged in recent decades as one of the most important tools for curbing industrial greenhouse gas emissions, but they present a number of novel enforcement challenges when compared with more conventional pollution regulations. These challenges include new regulators with narrow authority, lack of legal precedent, and more.

The impact of global warming on the labour force is already evident and is unequally distributed across the world. Global economic inequality is rising due to global warming, with hotter, poorer countries experiencing a decline in growth due to warmer conditions.

This report reviews key global developments in climate change litigation, with a focus on the period May 2022 to May 2023, drawing primarily on the Climate Change Litigation databases maintained by the Sabin Centre for Climate Change Law. It is the fifth edition of annual report on global trends in climate change litigation.

Europe is undergoing an unprecedented shift in the scale and ambition of climate policy following the announcement of the European Green Deal and the passage of the European Climate Law.

Ultimately, the net zero transition in India is for the benefit of its people. Therefore, people need to be included in the way the country’s 2070 target is made real through a just transition.

As the climate is changing, the global economy is adapting. This paper provides a novel method of estimating how much adaptation has taken place historically, how much it has cost, and how much it has reduced the impacts of climate change.

Humanity is at a crossroads - a moment of great risk and great opportunity. One path leads to attractive growth and development; the other to great difficulties and destruction.

Climate change litigation continues to grow in importance year-on-year as a way of either advancing or delaying effective action on climate change. In 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recognised the role of litigation in affecting “the outcome and ambition of climate governance”.

This paper uses the housing market to examine the costs of indoor air pollution. The authors focus on radon, a common indoor air pollutant that is the leading cause of lung cancer after smoking.

For decades, the object of international climate governance has been greenhouse gases, standardised to tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent. The ongoing inadequacy of decarbonisation efforts based on this system has prompted calls to expand the scope of international climate governance to include restrictions on the supply of fossil fuels.