Given the central role that agriculture plays in the rural economy of Africa, several countries have implemented supply– and demand-driven policies and programs to promote sustainable fertilizer use, with mixed results.

Social conditional transfers (CTs) and payments for ecosystem services (PES) have the same starting point: the assumption that direct, conditional incentives are the most effective way to change behaviour. However, contextual disadvantages affect the capacity for the very poor to comply.

Equity is gaining increasing attention in international conservation policy. Specifically, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Aichi Target 11 calls for “effectively and equitably managed … protected areas”.

From the mid-2000s, a commodity boom underpinned a wave of land use investments in low- and middle-income countries.

Zambia, like most of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), is facing a future where smallholder crop production will be threatened by climate change. In this southern African nation, where smallholder farming is the norm, the effects of climate change — erratic rainfall, shorter seasons and prolonged dry spells — are already being felt.

This paper examines how the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) helps households in South Sikkim, India, build resilience to winter drought. It is one in a series of briefings that analyse how the scheme builds the resilience of rural households in different states to different climate shocks.

This paper is one in a series of briefings that analyse how the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) builds rural households’ resilience to different climate shocks.

This paper is one in a series of briefings that analyse how the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) builds rural households’ resilience to different climate shocks. This paper examines how MGNREGS is helping households in West Singhbhum District, Jharkhand, India, build resilience to drought.

This paper is one in a series of briefings that analyse how the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) builds rural households’ resilience to different climate shocks. This paper examines how MGNREGS is helping households in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, build resilience to cyclones.

All developing countries must address climate vulnerability and identify the best ways to help their people adapt. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is one increasingly popular and tested strategy.