This paper analyses the electric vehicle (EV) uptake and public charging infrastructure at the local level in 2021, focusing on 48 metropolitan regions with the largest EV registrations volumes and shares in Europe. Electric vehicle sales in Europe increased 66% in 2021 from 2020, reaching 2.3 million.

This is ICCT’s first Major Markets Electric Vehicle Monitor. The Major Markets series will analyze the electric vehicle (EV) market development and fleet carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions trends of manufacturers of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) in China, Europe, the United States, and India.

Facing the threat of climate change and increasing levels of air pollution, governments worldwide are exploring a transition to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) to decarbonize their transport sector.

India’s light vehicle fuel consumption standards currently ignore both direct and indirect emissions from mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems.

The quantitative analysis presented in this briefing shows that deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructure needs to ramp up considerably if Zero Emission Vehicles Transition Council (ZEVTC) member jurisdictions are to align infrastructure with their ambitions for ZEV sales.

There is increasing interest in hybrid vehicles globally and India is no exception. With passenger car CO2 standards expected to become more stringent in the coming years, manufacturers are likely to turn to 48V hybrids for the Indian market, as is already happening in Europe.

Electric car sales powered through 2021 and have remained strong so far in 2022, but ensuring future growth will demand greater efforts to diversify battery manufacturing and critical mineral supplies to reduce the risks of bottlenecks and price rises, according to this Global EV Outlook 2022 by the International Energy Agency.

The ASEAN fuel economy roadmap, developed and adopted by ASEAN transport ministers in 2018, outlines a vision to transform the light-duty vehicle market in the ASEAN region into one of the world’s most fuel efficient.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) used in mobile air conditioning (MAC) and refrigeration equipment are an important contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from motor vehicles. Estimates of emissions in China from the MAC refrigerant HFC-134a, conducted by Peking University, shows that they exceed 20 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year .

Tax policy can be designed to spur both the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and improvements in the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.