This report contains ideas and case studies from around the world that showcase best practices in sustainable design for arid cities. At the heart of the report sit three key recommendations to shape the next century of city building in arid regions: Learning from the past.

This report examines the institutional, legal and regulatory environment, climate change adaptation and urban management capacity, and financial resources and mechanisms available to address adaptation and disaster risk reduction priorities in Madagascar’s growing cities.

This report examines the institutional, legal and regulatory environment, climate change adaptation and urban management capacity, and financial resources and mechanisms available to address adaptation and disaster risk reduction priorities in Madagascar’s growing cities.

This paper develops the concept of ‘action space’ as the range of possible destinations to which a migrant can realistically move at a given point in time and, intimately linked to this, the set of possible livelihoods at destination.

With a population of 16 million, Karachi is the largest megacity in Pakistan. Despite being a large city that is home to many, it has seen a substantial decline in quality of life and economic competitiveness in recent decades.

For a long time, the urbanization and development discourse has coincided with a focus on economic growth and big cities. Yet, much of the world's new urbanization is taking place in smaller urban entities (towns), and the composition of urbanization may well bear on the speed of poverty reduction.

This report examines the major trends affecting the transformation of energy and mobility systems, with a special focus on cities. Topics addressed include: electrification, decentralization and digitalization of the energy system, along with the shift towards electric, shared and autonomous mobility.