Many developing countries consider that international support is vital for achieving their climate targets and accelerating actions, pledged in the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), under the Paris Agreement.

This Study aims to provide law-and policy-makers, researchers, as well as private and public sector partners, with a comprehensive overview of the legal and institutional issues to consider when working towards preparing their agriculture sectors for the challenges of climate change.

The Enabling Conditions for Urban Climate Finance Part 2 is a contribution of the World Bank to the State of Cities Climate Finance Report 2021. Part 2 analyzes enabling frameworks and presents solutions for mobilizing urban climate finance at scale to transition cities to low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathways.

The 2021 State of Cities Climate Finance Report examines the current state of urban climate investment, the barriers to reaching the needed investment levels, and the steps to overcoming these challenges.

Climate finance committed by major multilateral development banks (MDBs) rose to a total of US$ 66 billion last year from US$ 61.6 billion in 2019, according to the 2020 Joint Report on Multilateral Development Banks’ Climate Finance. Of this, 58 per cent – or US$ 38 billion – was committed to low- and middle-income economies.

This brief discusses how water-related natural disasters are major obstacles to human well-being and sustainable development. Almost three quarters of all natural disasters between 2001 and 2018 were related to water (UNESCO and UN-Water 2020).

Achieving the mitigation goals of the Paris Agreement calls for a shift in where and how our food is produced, processed and transported to consumers. At the same time, this shift needs reinforcing with changes in our eating habits and how much food we waste.

This analysis finds that a growing number of countries are addressing fossil fuels as part of their climate mitigation activities.

In order for development finance institutions, including multilateral development banks and bilateral, regional and national development banks to “align” themselves with the Paris Agreement, they must make sure that their activities conducted through financial intermediaries are also aligned.

Many measures to mitigate climate change (SDG 13) have an impact on achieving other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), often positive, but sometimes negative. This study shows how twenty promising climate mitigation measures affect the achievement of other SDGs for several world regions.