Oil and gas production processes place huge demands on land resources, land administration and land management in different parts of the world. In Nigeria, the transportation of oil and gas, their by-products and refined products is conducted through complicated pipeline networks traversing thousands of kilometres and criss-crossing several communities in the Niger Delta region.

In the African meningitis belt, epidemics of meningococcal disease occur periodically, although unpredictably, every few years. These epidemics continue to cause havoc but new efforts to control the disease, through the use of conjugate vaccines, are being made.

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gpei began in 1988. The polio eradication programme involved administering multiple doses of the oral polio vaccine to all children in affected areas. The doses were administered in pulses: all children below the age of three in an area were inoculated simultaneously.

More than 200 people are feared to have burnt to death in a pipeline explosion at Isanki Island in the Ilado area of Lagos recently, according to official reports. The pipeline belongs to the

high price: A French court has imposed the highest-ever marine pollution fine of about us $980,000 for a 61-km fuel slick, off the French coast, in 2005. The captain and the owner of the container