A variety of hydrokinetic turbines are currently under development for power generation in rivers, tidal straits and ocean currents. Because some of these turbines are large, with rapidly moving rotor blades, the risk of collision with aquatic animals has been brought to attention. The behavior and fate of animals that approach such large hydrokinetic turbines have not yet been monitored at any detail. In this paper, we conduct a synthesis of the current knowledge and understanding of hydrokinetic turbine collision risks.

Increasing the cost of fuels, growing concern of global warming and increasing demand of electrical energy, a compact, less polluting and efficient gas turbine power plant with regenerator and a suitable Waste Heat Recovery Steam Generator (WHRSG) presents a very attractive concept. Developments in metallurgical sciences, protective coatings and cooling methods have provided the options to design the components and a higher Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) may be achievable in near future.

The United States has plenty of strong winds offshore, but it has struggled to harness them for energy.

Offshore wind power provides a valuable source of renewable energy that can help reduce carbon emissions. Technological advances are allowing higher capacity turbines to be installed and in deeper water, but there is still much that is unknown about the effects on the environment. Here we describe the lessons learned based on the recent literature and our experience with assessing impacts of offshore wind developments on marine mammals and seabirds, and make recommendations for future monitoring and assessment as interest in offshore wind energy grows around the world.