As a new challenge to health scenario of Kerala, an outbreak of Kyasanur Forest Disease was reported from Wayanad and Malappuram districts of Kerala, India from January to March 2015. A study on tick vectors of Wayanad district confirmed the presence of larval and nymphal Haemaphysalis spinigera, the chief vector of KFD in the forest pastures of Pulppally area. But in other sites viz Kalpetta and Mananthavady its prevalence was found to be low. Presence of tick species like Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis spinigera, Amblyomma integrum. and Boophilus(Rhipicephalus) annulatus.

This article mainly focuses on the approval process of drug import and export from India. Now a day’s foreign pharmaceutical companies have a better legal foundation for releasing new drugs in India. The Indian medical regulatory system has become more complicated, and new drugs can take a year or more to be approved for marketing.

Peste des petits ruminants virus causes a highly infectious disease of small ruminants that is endemic across Africa, the Middle East and large regions of Asia. The virus is considered to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world and has recently been targeted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) for eradication with the aim of global elimination of the disease by 2030.

This paper examines that transportation generates maximum pollution in Howrah district mainly in urban area. Development & urbanization has led this city population increased very rapidly in the recent past. Howrah has a well connectivity of multimode road network which is very benefiting the population but use of conventional fossil fuel slowly ruining the Biodiversity and National Wealth like Water.

Mangrove forest ecosystems are threatened by direct impacts such as cutting and pollution due to agricultural, industrialization and urbanization activities. Mangrove forests are often regarded as unpleasant environments with little intrinsic value. Mangrove forests perform valued regional and site-specific functions. Mangrove species can take up excessive nutrients and also play a crucial role in creating a favourable environment for a variety of chemical, biological and physical processes that contribute to the inorganic removal and degradation of organic compounds.

Seasonal variation in the distribution of heavy metals in surface waters of Pulicat lake, Tamil Nadu, India was assessed from January 2011 to December 2012. Variation of heavy metals was maximum during summer and minimum during monsoon. The heavy metals investigated were nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead and iron. The data revealed that nickel and lead were below the permissible limits, copper, zinc, chromium and mercury were moderately above the permissible limits whereas cadmium concentration was found to be high.

xperimental studies have shown a decrease in driving performance at high temperatures. The epidemiological evidence for the relationship between heat and motor vehicle crashes is not consistent.

Original Source

The World Health Organization estimates that > 140 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic (As)–contaminated drinking water. As undergoes biologic methylation, which facilitates renal As elimination. In folate-deficient individuals, this process is augmented by folic acid (FA) supplementation, thereby lowering blood As (bAs). Creatinine concentrations in urine are a robust predictor of As methylation patterns.

Access to safe drinking water is essential for health. Monitoring access to drinking water focuses on water supply type at the source, but there is limited evidence on whether quality differences at the source persist in water stored in the household.

Original Source

Over the past four decades, bicycle ownership has been documented in various countries but not globally analyzed. This paper presents an effort to fill this gap by tracking household bicycle possession. First, we gather survey data from 150 countries and extract percentage household bicycle ownership values. Performing cluster analysis, we determined four groups with the weighted mean percentage ownership ranging from 20% to 81%. Generally, bicycle ownership was highest in Northern Europe and lowest in West, Central and North Africa, and Central Asia.