This paper examines urban health in low- and middle-income countries, in relation to two sets of environmental issues: persistent local environmental health burdens, and most notably the water, sanitation and housing deficiencies prevalent in the poor neighbourhoods of so many urban settlements; and emerging global environmental burdens that will be experienced in urban areas, and most notably those associated with climate change.
This paper discusses the possibilities and constraints for adaptation to climate change in urban areas in low and middle-income nations. These contain a third of the world's population and a large proportion of the people and economic activities most at risk from sea-level rise and from the heatwaves, storms and floods whose frequency and/or intensity climate change is likely to increase.
This report summarises the main findings of a three-year programme, funded by the Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species, and carried out in and around the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.
As forestry in many countries becomes less about timber production and more about watershed protection, biodiversity conervation and tourism, the range of stakeholders grows larger and more diverse, while regulation and enforcement become more difficult.
The problem of mining-induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR) poses major risks to societal sustainability. Unfortunately, no global survey has assessed the scale of MIDR.
Available evidence suggests that the problem is significant. Mining displaced 2.55 million people in India between 1950 and 1990. The likelihood that MIDR will be a significant issue
This report is the outcome of the South Asian Regional Review of Community Involvement in Wildlife Management. This was conducted as part of a global series of regional reviews for the IIED's project "Evaluation Eden: Assessing the Impacts of Community Wildlife Management".
Forest issues often concern large amounts of money, long time frames, huge areas of land and diverse livelihoods. This report draws the main findings from a series of six country studies from Costa Rica, Ghana, India, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and Zimbabwe and from a review of international policy initiatives.
Development experts agree that ensuring access to sustainable
modern energy services is critical to achieving the Millennium
Development Goals. Some 2.4 billion people still use traditional
biomass fuels for cooking, often facing the risk of indoor air
pollution, while about 1.6 billion people have no access to
electricity. This report explores how international oil and
