This is a didactic document for communities who work with the member groups of the federation, Indigenous organizations, allied ecologists and farmers, as well as all communities that advocate the vision of building a socially just and environmentally-sound world.

Embracing the opportunities provided by democratization and decentralization, the
Wonosobo district of Central Java, Indonesia, enacted a local regulation for participa-tory
forestry. The regulation emphasized rights-based political participation and as such
entailed significant participation by civil society groups. However, this regulation faced
a backlash from the remaining representatives of the old authoritarian state. They
demanded a state-created utilitarian-based participatory forestry scheme, emphasizing

In India, the criteria and indicators approach for sustainable forest management is being implemented on a pilot basis since 2000. The initiative, known as the Bhopal-India process, has over the years endeavoured to formulate a working framework for the achievement of the goals of sustainability specific to the national forestry conditions.

Funds generated through community forestry offer crucial and significant resources for rural development in Nepal. This study examines forestry funds in 100 communities in three districts to
assess how large they are and how they are utilized. The study finds that the income from community funds increases local development resources by about 25%. This income is invested

This report assess the role social differences such as caste, and other household characteristics, play on leadership and collective action, taking the case studies of forest commons. Primary data for the analysis was drawn from a survey of eight community forest user groups in the mid-hills of Nepal.

This report explores industrial demand to distinguish and promote sustainable and fair community forest products in the market. Its ultimate goal is poverty reduction - or more specifically

The study documents practices of 28 community-based forest enterprises (CBFEs) in Nepal, representing different enterprise models - FUGs, networks, cooperatives, and companies. FUGs are primarily constrained by their limited scale in terms of membership and land area. The formation of intergroups and networks minimizes this limitation.

Several participatory forest management approaches have emerged in different countries in South Asia in the effort to develop an effective institutional framework and mechanisms for the management of forest resources. These different approaches have different features, characteristics, and degrees of participation by local forest users, and thus different implications for the management of forest resources and the livelihoods of forest-dependent people.

In recent decades 'participatory' approaches to forest management have been introduced around the world. This book assesses their implementation in the highly politicized environments of India and Nepal. The authors critically examine the policy, implementation processes and causal factors affecting livelihood impacts.

This study examines two major transitions in forest governance - decentralisation and state-sponsored (formal) community forestry - with respect to whether they are opening spaces for communities to contribute to sustainable forest management. The study consists of an introductory chapter and seven individual country studies - India, Nepal, Cambodia, the Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam and China.

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