Ice hockey players recently voiced their protest against the failure of many countries to sign the Kyoto Protocol. They feel that the ineffectiveness of the Kyoto threatens the future of their game.

Since entry into force of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994, negotiations on controlling future greenhouse gas emissions have turned into one of the largest development issues of our time.

This article examines the question of how to interpret a relationship between income and carbon emissions in a country (the environmental kuznets curve [EKC] for carbon). A very simple and graphical structural model of an EKC is developed, and the problems of applying the concept to carbon are discussed.

Making cement is energy-intensive. Energy accounts for a significant portion of the cost of producing cement. Most technological advancement, unsurprisingly, has been directed towards reducing its consumption. Unlike other industries in India, in which technological levels lag behind the best in the world, the cement industry is state of the art.

Australia's environment minister Ian Campbell recently commented that negotiating new greenhouse gas emission levels for the Kyoto Protocol was a waste of time. He felt most countries would fail to

In Kyoto, in 1997, nations of the world agreed the Clean Development Mechanism cdm was a competent way to combat climate change. The process would assist developed countries in lightening their burden of excessive greenhouse g