Amendments to the Kyoto Protocol pursuant to its Article 3, paragraph 9.

The Copenhagen Accord is a term to refer to a series of decisions adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, in particular the following two decisions adopted in accordance with the Bali Roadmap.

Climate change influences human development in many ways. Global warming has already changed livelihoods in many parts of the world and the poor are suff ering the most.

The Primer aims to contribute to the understanding of the rules,
concepts and different issues involved in the programmatic approach of the CDM.

This report presents an analysis of, and discussion on, the
environmental, financial and negotiation consequences of
various strategies of dealing with surplus emission allowances
or assigned amount units (AAUs), often known as

Climate Justice for a Changing Planet: A Primer for Policy Makers and NGOs
considers how to move towards a climate justice agenda. It is designed for people engaged in climate change policy-making, whether through governments or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as others interested in better understanding the current discourse.

This latest report analyses impact of

The fast growth of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)and its positive and negative attributes have been well documented. Recent years have witnessed explosive growth of the CDM. The number of CDM projects for validation and registration has grown exponentially and developing countries (so called non-Annex I countries) becoming involved in the CDM grew from 8 in 2000 to more than 50 in 2008.

The clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is designed not only to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) but also to contribute locally to sustainable development. As a market-based mechanism, CDM has the potential to channel private investments into development activities with economic, social, and environmental benefits.

As a result of the process of economic transition since the early 1990s,the Czech Republic has been able to stay below its Kyoto Protocol assigned amount of GHGs.This surplus can be traded with other industrialised countries.The revenues of such trades are spent domestically on energy saving programmes. This article describes how this has been organised.

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