A study of democracy is incomplete without a study of one of its most fundamental components—political parties. In India, works on the country’s political parties so far have explored, among other things, the direct and indirect relationship between the nature and type of political parties and the different facets of the state and governance.

This book, explores the crucial role of subnational levels of government in accelerating progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals in Asia and the Pacific. Subnational governments implement public policies, facilitate partnerships among stakeholders, and act as interlocutors between communities and the state.

International and domestic efforts to respond to the severe global challenge of climate change are on the rise and evolving.

The present study adopts a transversal environmental justice-driven understanding of SWM which connects ecologies, lives, livelihoods, and institutions.

The present study adopts a transversal environmental justice-driven understanding of SWM which connects ecologies, lives, livelihoods, and institutions.

Since the early 2000s, decentralization has been espoused as a major policy goal of successive Zambian governments. With the passing of the 2019 Local Government Act, a greater understanding is needed of how decentralization has progressed thus far in Zambia and how political economy dynamics have constrained the process.

Order of the Supreme Court of India in the matter of West Bengal State Election Commission & Others Vs Communist Party of India (Marxist) & Others dated 03/07/2018 regarding Panchayat seats in West Bengal going uncontested. Apex Court takes serious note of the fact that out of 58,692 total seats at all the levels (Zilla Parishad, Panchayat Samiti and Gram Panchayat), the uncontested seats are 20,159.

Judgement of the High Court of Uttarakhand in the matter of Gram Sabha Mawakot & Others Vs State of Uttarakhand & Others dated 14/05/2018 regarding declaration of rural self governing institutions like "gram panchayat" to an urban local body, by converting it into a "Nagar Panchayat". The main matter relates to notification issued on 05.04.2018 by which 73 villages were proposed to be included in the Nagar Palika Kotdwar.

It is widely acknowledged that top-down support is essential for bottom-up participatory projects to be effectively implemented at scale. However, which level of government, national or sub-national, should be given the responsibility to implement such projects is an open question, with wide variations in practice.

New Delhi’s “urban villages” are the result of government land acquisitions that began in 1912 and continued into the 1960s. Since the 1980s, growing demand for real estate within the city has engendered unprecedented residential and commercial development in these former agrarian areas. The consequences of this include structural changes in the built environment, shifts in the social make-up of the village, and new relationships with the municipal and planning authorities.

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