This report addresses challenges that face water resources for agriculture in Africa in the context of climate change, uncertainty that is adding other burdens to other existing challenges. These include population pressure; land use, such as erosion/siltation; and its impacts on the hydrological cycle.

Annual extreme rainfall series of 1-3 day durations at stations located inside the Indus basin in India were subjected to statistical analysis in order to estimate point Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) and maximum rainfall of different return periods for the durations of 1-3 days.

In this book, there is a departure from empiricism and the emphasis is on the collection of data and analysis of the hydrological factors involved and promote hydrological design on sound principles and understanding of the science, for conservation and utilisation of water resources. Hydrological designs may be made by deterministic, probabilistic and stochastic approaches but what is more important is a matured judgement to understand and avoid what is termed as unusual meteorological combination.