The effluent and emission standards for oil refineries were notified under Environment (Protection) Act in the years 1986 and 1990, respectively. These standards were same for old & new refineries and considered only few parameters. There was need to include additional parameters viz. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), etc.

The Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada

Greater energy efficiency is key for shifting country development paths toward lower-carbon economic growth. Especially in developing countries and transition economies, vast potential for energy savings opportunities remain unrealized even though current financial returns are strong. "Financing Energy Efficiency: Lessons from Brazil, China, India, and Beyond" examines the nature of this dilemma and how it may be overcome in practical and operational terms.

The NEC Shillong has assigned the National Institute of Rural Development, North Eastern Regional Centre (NIRD-NERC), Guwahati to prepare a report on

Local organisations have a major role in addressing these realities, helping poor groups access entitlements and engage with government. They may be local NGOs, grassroots organisations of the poor, or even local governments or branches of higher levels of government. But they function on a local level, have intimate knowledge of the local context and should be accountable to local people.

While the precise contribution of biofuels to surging food prices is difficult to know, policies promoting production of the current generation of biofuels are not achieving their stated objectives of increased energy independence or reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reaching the congressionally mandated goal of blending 15 billion gallons of renewable fuels in gasoline by 2015 would consume roughly 40 percent of the corn crop (based on recent production levels) while replacing just 7 percent of

Coal is abundant and affordable in the Asia Pacific region, and for the foreseeable future could be used to meet the region's growing energy needs, but what becomes of those needs when air is too dirty to breathe; water is too polluted to drink; soil too contaminated to grow crops; land is unfit for habitation; and global warming unleashes unimaginable environmental disasters?

India is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Convention enjoins Parties to communicate information about the implementation of the Convention, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances.

This publication provides an overview of key facts and societal challenges related to economic development, future energy
demand and the impact that demand could have on the climate system.The focus of this publication is on the world's use of energy and its related impacts.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its Fourth Assessment Report, re-emphasized the need for adaptation to address the impacts of climate change on lives and livelihoods across all sectors.