Rainfall variations in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand were studied for a period of six years from 2008 to 2013. The rainfall data were obtained through a dense network of rain gauges installed by India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi, are spreaded over seven districts of Uttarakhand, combined with the data from Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG) rain gauge located at Ghuttu, Garhwal Himalaya.

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Regional climate models (RCMs) are considered to be more useful than general circulation models for assessing impacts of climate change scenarios in agriculture.

With conventional energy sources being limited in their availability, the search for alternative renewable energy sources is inevitable. Solar energy, an inexhaustible renewable energy is considered a vital source for a developing country like India, where there is a major deficit between the demand and supply of electricity. Crowded urban structures have all the updated electrical appliances, but there is a deficit power supply during peak hour demand.

Rapid and reliable assessment of soil characteristics is an important step in agricultural and natural resource management. Over the last few decades, diffuse reflectance

Remote sensing is being increasingly used in different agricultural applications. Hyperspectral remote sensing in large continuous narrow wavebands provides significant

Snow depth is an important parameter for avalanche forecast and hydrological studies. In the Himalaya, manual snow depth data collection is difficult due to remote and rugged terrain and the severe weather conditions. However, microwave-based sensors in various satellites have the capability to estimate snow depth in all weather conditions. In the present study, experiments were performed to establish an algorithm for snow depth estimation using ground-based passive microwave radiometer with 6.9, 18.7 and 37 GHz antenna frequencies at Dhundhi and Patseo, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have long been used to trace the hydrological processes on the principle that the lighter isotopes of water (e.g. H2O) preferentially evaporate over its heavier isotopes (e.g. HDO or H2 18O), and the heavier isotopes preferentially condense. In this line, several studies were carried out all over the world to characterize the local meteoric lines for generalizing the amalgamation of various hydrological processes taking place over multiple temporal and spatial scales.

Man was a foraging hunter–gatherer during the initial period of evolution. Later he started cultivating cereals and legumes and thus the transition from foraging to farming occurred. As a result, many of the useful wild plants have come under cultivation. Today, thousands of plant species are cultivated throughout the world for various uses. For most of those cultivated species, the wild populations exist in their natural habitats. However, there are some economically significant plants which are extinct in the wild, but survive only under cultivation due to their economical value.

In this study, we assessed the efficiency and effectiveness of the Vrishabhavathy Valley Treatment plant (VVTP) in Bengaluru city, which is the oldest STP in the city. Since VVTP treats both raw sewage and polluted river water, with the latter constituting 80% of the influent, we sampled water quality at locations upstream and downstream of the plant to evaluate overall efficacy as well.

Ground and satellite based measurements of spectral optical properties of aerosols have been carried out at Dehradun (DDN) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and Kavaratti (KVT) at Lakshadweep in southern Arabian Sea during pre-monsoon season (March–May) 2012. The measurements illustrate distinct seasonal impact on aerosol properties with maximum dust loading during May in conjunction with anthropogenic aerosols over DDN and marine aerosols over KVT.